Russia, with its rich cultural heritage and vast landscapes, remains an intriguing destination for many travelers. However, current geopolitical tensions, security challenges, and logistical difficulties demand heightened awareness and preparation. Travelers should stay informed about potential risks, including safety threats, military activity, and evolving restrictions, to ensure a secure and well-planned visit. Below is a comprehensive guide to the key safety considerations for those planning or currently in Russia.

Security

Risk of Arbitrary Detention

Foreigners, particularly those from Western countries, face increased scrutiny. Authorities have shown negative attitudes toward Western nations, including Australia, in reaction to geopolitical tensions. Travelers should avoid protests, demonstrations, and public commentary on political matters. Ensure sensitive content on social media is limited or removed.

Terrorism Risks

Russia faces an ongoing threat of terrorism, with incidents occurring in public areas or during major events.

• Recent Attacks: A terrorist attack in Moscow's Crocus City Concert Hall (March 2024) and armed assaults in Dagestan (June 2024) underline the unpredictability of such threats.
• Precautions: Remain alert in crowded areas, avoid gatherings, and follow local authorities’ security advice.

Conflict Zones and Military Operations

Regions near the Ukraine border, including Kursk, Belgorod, and Bryansk, are subject to military operations and a state of emergency. Drone attacks and explosions have also been reported in cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg, causing travel disruptions. Avoid border areas and monitor media updates for changes in security conditions.

Travel and Logistical Challenges

• Transportation: Flight delays and limited routes are common. Alternative travel plans are essential.
• Financial Issues: Sanctions have rendered international payment systems like Visa and Mastercard inoperable in Russia. Use cash or local payment methods like Mir cards.
• Essential Goods: Some regions may face shortages of products and services

Departure Recommendations

Given the unpredictable situation, travelers are strongly encouraged to leave Russia using available commercial or private options. If you choose to stay, ensure a robust personal security plan and recognize that consular support is limited. Always have an alternative exit strategy.

Healthcare

Travelers to Russia should be aware of important health considerations:

Medication Regulations

Russia enforces strict laws on importing and using medications containing restricted substances. Travelers must carry a doctor's letter and a notarized translation confirming the medical need for such drugs. It’s advisable to contact the Russian Embassy for specific details before travel.

Disease Risks

• Rabies and Tick-Borne Encephalitis: These diseases are increasing, particularly during tick season (April to October). Precaution is essential when visiting forests or rural areas.
• Infectious Diseases: Typhoid, hepatitis, diphtheria, measles, and tuberculosis remain a concern. Travelers should ensure vaccinations are up to date and consume only boiled or bottled water.

Healthcare Quality

Public medical facilities in Russian cities are often below the standards ,with rural areas having even more limited resources. Travelers are encouraged to secure comprehensive travel insurance, which includes medical evacuation coverage, as private healthcare can be expensive but offers better quality care.

Local Laws in Russia

Travelers in Russia should be aware of several legal considerations that may impact their safety and freedom:

Risk of Arbitrary Detention

Foreigners, including Australians, face the ongoing risk of arbitrary detention or arrest. Russian authorities have been known to enforce local laws unpredictably, which could lead to interrogations, harassment, mistreatment, or even extortion. Foreign nationals may also be subject to legal penalties without clear justification.

Military Mobilisation and Conscription

Russia may enforce conscription on males it considers to be Russian nationals, regardless of their other citizenships. The country has passed laws imposing heavy penalties for crimes against military service, and conscription can occur at any time, up to the age of 30. Draft notices can be served online, preventing conscripts from leaving Russia once registered.

Restrictions on Free Speech

Russia has stringent laws restricting free speech, particularly regarding criticism of the government, military, and its actions in Ukraine. Publishing information related to these topics—whether on social media or in private messages—can be considered illegal. Foreign media workers may face arrest or imprisonment if they report on sensitive topics.

Prohibited Items and Actions

Carrying or using illegal drugs in Russia comes with severe penalties. Additionally, photographing military sites, passport control areas, or sensitive infrastructure is prohibited. Using commercial filming equipment or drones in public spaces without permission is also illegal.

LGBTQIA+ Rights

While same-sex relationships are technically legal in Russia, societal acceptance is limited, and discrimination, including violence against the LGBTQIA+ community, is widespread. Russian law bans "LGBTQIA+ propaganda," criminalizing any attempt to promote non-traditional sexual relations. This includes public discussions, activism, or support of LGBTQIA+ rights, which may result in legal action or persecution.

Dual Nationals

Russia does not recognize dual nationality, which means that foreign nationals with dual citizenship may face complications if detained or arrested. If arrested, consular assistance may be severely limited, and travelers will need a valid Russian passport to depart the country

International Cooperation in Law Enforcement

Russia cooperates closely with law enforcement agencies in various countries, especially those within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). If you commit a crime in one CIS country, you may be detained in Russia or another member country and extradited for prosecution

Travel Advice for Russia

If you are in Russia, the security situation could change rapidly, so it is strongly recommended to leave the country as soon as possible through available commercial or private means, if safe to do so. If you choose to remain, it is crucial to reassess your personal security plans regularly. You are responsible for your own safety and that of your family. Always have an alternative exit plan ready.

Travel Disruptions and Border Crossings

Commercial travel routes between Russia and Europe are often disrupted, especially due to the ongoing military actions in Ukraine. Multiple Russian airports are closed to the public, disrupting both internal and international flights, including those to and from Moscow and other major cities. Finland has closed its land and maritime borders with Russia indefinitely. If traveling through land borders into countries like Estonia or Latvia, be aware of potential restrictions or sudden changes to entry requirements. As of September 2023, Latvia has banned vehicles registered in Russia, and there are restrictions on vehicles at the Ivangorod-Narva crossing into Estonia. Train services are also suspended, though entry and exit on foot may still be allowed.

Sanctions and Financial Restrictions

Australia and other countries have imposed sanctions on Russia, and Russia has reciprocated, including sanctions on Australian citizens. These measures may affect travelers, so it is advisable to seek legal advice if you have concerns about how they may impact your travel plans. Financial transactions are significantly restricted, as foreign bank cards, including Australian-issued cards, will not work in Russia. Access to funds and the ability to transfer money to and from Russian banks is also limited. Ensure you have sufficient funds in cash for your stay, as currency exchange services may also be impacted.

Changes to Entry and Biometric Data Requirements

From December 2024, foreign travelers will be required to submit biometric data on arrival in Russia at major ports of entry. Starting in January 2025, foreigners must present identification and confirm their registration on the Russian government services portal to purchase a Russian SIM card. There will also be a limit of 10 subscriber numbers per individual.

Dual Nationals and Passport Issues

Dual nationals in Russia face additional challenges. If you are a dual national, you cannot leave the country without a valid Russian passport. If your passport expires while in Russia, or if you enter Russia on a repatriation certificate, you will need to renew your passport before departing. This process can take up to three months, and the Australian Government cannot expedite it.

Security Checks and Travel Precautions

Expect thorough security checks at the border, including inspections of electronic devices and questioning by Russian authorities. Entry requirements can change unexpectedly, so always confirm the latest information with your airline or the nearest Russian consulate before traveling.